Report On The Transformational Grammar English Language Essay

Report On The Transformational Grammar English Language Essay The connection among sentence structure and language helps in understanding the Chomskian rule of transformational punctuation. David W. Carroll sees language structure as a depiction of a people semantic information. Language is viewed as an interminable arrangement of very much planned sentences and it tends to be derived by syntax, similar to that of arithmetic or rationale. Henceforth punctuations are the speculations of language made out of theories of the structure of some piece of the language. Chomsky proposes three standards about the hypothesis of language. First rule is known as observational ampleness. It is applied in a few degrees of language in which punctuation characterizes, what is and what isn't an adequate succession in the language. At the other level language structure ought to have decides that create syntactic sentence. The subsequent standard is the elucidating ampleness which demonstrates that punctuation determines the succession in a language. Language structure ought to likewise clarify how it relates with sentences which have the equivalent or inverse importance .The third model is the informative ampleness. Chomsky sees that it is hypothetically feasible for various punctuations, all dependent on various standards to achieve the other two types of sufficiency and verifies that the best unmistakably satisfactory sentence structure relates to the language obtaining in youngsters. He proposes that the youngster learning a language is given examples of the language and must decide the sentence structure from the examples. Chomsky takes note of that kids pick one specific language structure from the approaching information reliable with various syntaxes. Thus this infers there are sure inborn language requirements empower the kid to derive the right sentence structure. The last degree of ampleness goes past the capacity to disclose to portray designs in a specific language; rather, it includes the capacity to clarify the job of etymological universals in language procurement. These speculations assumed a huge job in the improvement of etymological hypotheses. Chomsky at first created transformational syntax in view of the engaging insufficiency of language dependent on state structure rules. In transformational language, the understanding that sentences have more than one degree of structure is caught in the qualification between profound structure and surface structure. These are both tree structures, which vary in accentuation. Profound structure is considered as the basic structure of the sentence that passes on the importance of a sentence. Profound structures are the yield of the expression structure rules and lexical guidelines; changes work on these and offered ascend to the surface structure. Surface structure alludes to the shallow course of action of the constituents and mirrors the request where the words are articulated. David Carrol alludes to three contentions in regards to the handiness of the differentiation by thinking about the accompanying sentence for instance. Ex: Flying planes can be hazardous. The equivocalness in this sentence is called profound structure as it might be reworded as, The demonstration of flying planes can be perilous or Planes that are flying can be risky. This sort of vagueness originates from a solitary surface structure that is gotten from two particular profound structures. The second purpose behind the differentiation is that a few sets of sentences are comparable in their expression structure yet not in their basic structure. Ex: John is anything but difficult to please. (2) John is anxious to please. (3) The above sentences, when summarized uncover their uniqueness despite the fact that they are clearly comparative. John is the object of the profound structure in (2) and the profound structure subject (3). The following arrangement of sentences in dynamic and uninvolved voice is particular in their surface game plan however comparable in their profound structure. Ex: Arlene played the tuba. (dynamic) The tuba was played by Arlene. (uninvolved) So the dynamic and the uninvolved sentences are considered as two indication of a similar profound structure. These linguistic connections place a second degree of structure with another arrangement of rules called transformational rules. The whole deviation of a sentence is known to be a two section process in transformational punctuation. In express structure the accepted biggest syntactic unit, the sentence is continuously extended by the use of rules into strings of littler units, ending with a mix of lexical things and linguistic components. The expression structure is clarified with marked tree outlines and they are supposed to be insufficient for a full basic work. In this way expression structure is unequipped for clarifying the open finished imagination of a characteristic language. Upon the yield of the expression structure rules change rules are applied. These transformational rules include not the division of the sentences or its parts into littler parts, be that as it may, the adjustment or reworking of a structure in different manners. Change additionally reflects portions of the speakers instinctive attention to relations between sentences of various essential sorts. The relationship of dynamic and aloof sentences , positive and negative sentences and explanations, orders, and questions lays on local speakers acknowledgment of their semantic relatedness, which is communicated by the relatedness of syntactic structure. The expression structure rules are supposed to be helpful in creating the hidden tree structure which is alluded to as profound structures and also a grouping of transformational rules is applied to profound structure and the middle of the road structures, eventually producing the surface structure of the sentence. The changes apply to the whole series of constituents where as expression structure rules apply to just a single constituent at once. These changes are finished by including, erasing or moving the constituents. David Carroll gives a couple of changes and clarifies how they work. One such change is known as the molecule - development change. From the accompanying two sentences realize that they mean something very similar: EX: John called up the lady. (4) John called the lady up. (5) Here the worry is with the position of the molecule up; in these sentences, the molecule may happen either not long previously or soon after the thing expression. Likewise, we may compose two diverse expression structure rules for the two cases, the first may compose two distinctive expression structure rules for the two examples, the principal complying with (PS) VP Æ'â V + (part) +NP What's more, the second to (PS) VP Æ'â V + NP + (part) The issue with this methodology is that it needs distinct adequacyit doesn't uncover the similitude of the two sentences. In this methodology, the two sentences are gotten from two diverse stage structure rules. An elective methodology is to expect that the two sentences have a similar profound structure and to apply the molecule development change to (4). The transformational rule resembles this: (T1) V + part + NP Æ'â V + NP + part It very well may be seen that the transformational rule essentially moves the last two constituents of the action word express. Expression - structure rules change one constituent into a progression of constituents however transformational rules start with a progression of the constituents and change them. At that point he proceeds to clarify it thinking about the accompanying sentences: John called up the fascinating lady. (6) John called the fascinating lady up. (7) John called up the lady with the wavy hair. (8) John called the lady with the wavy hair up. (9) For each situation the molecule is moved around the whole NPtwo words in (5), three in (7), and six in (9). The molecule development is characterized as far as constituents, not words. This condition gives transformational language structure gigantic capacity to apply to an unbounded no of NPs. Rather than expressing the quantity of words which fluctuates from sentence to sentence, it is expressed that as far as linguistic structure it is known as structure subordinate. One last property of transformational decides is that it might be hindered in specific situations. For instance, the molecule development change doesn't work with pronouns: (35) John rang them. (36) *John called up them. These limitations and changes would be determined in the portrayal of the standard. The standard would work under indicated conditions however would be blocked when these conditions didn't have any significant bearing. The most punctual work shows the insufficiency of setting free syntax for the investigation of characteristic dialects. During the 1960s, transformational grammarians focused on the connection among linguistic structure and semantics. Transformational syntax clarifies certain parts of language, for example, profound structure vagueness and the impediments of the expression structure rules. Transformational punctuation has advanced throughout the decades and there were numerous progressions and elective methodologies that offered ascend to other new speculations on change. The impact of Chomskys progressive speculations on etymology and his commitments like Syntactic Structures, Aspects of the hypothesis of punctuation, stands apart as the most critical advancement which prompted the start of different changes in language and semantics.

People can read others' minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individuals can guess others' thoughts - Essay Example Is it a natural clairvoyant capacity or being easily affected to how others feel and think? Every individual has a specific level of clairvoyant capacity, some more than others. Individuals talented with clairvoyant capacities utilize the intensity of the brain and extra tangible discernment (ESP) to help them plainly envision what will occur. They can likewise divert their energies in guessing different people’s thoughts. Now and then, this capacity can be gainful for them since they would realize how to react to an individual or an occasion, having had a prescience of that person’s considerations or the pictures of subtleties of the occasion. Then again, they retain negative contemplations or see dreams of grievous occasions and these readings can agitate them to an extreme. Any common individual additionally has normal psyche capacities that assist him with overcoming a few circumstances, and one of this is having the option to observe what others will say or do. The capacity to guess thoughts goes far back to our old roots when we figured out how to feel our way around. This was when correspondence frameworks were not as advanced. Individuals were anything but difficult to peruse in light of the fact that they were dispossessed of any shrouded plans that entangled their lives. Innovation was exceptionally restricted and there were no interruptions, for example, the TV, web, and so on and individuals concentrated on others. At the point when they spoke with one another, they gave their complete consideration. Being so in a state of harmony with one another, it was anything but difficult to guess each other’s thoughts. Ross Buck, a Communication Sciences teacher at the University of Connecticut fights that brain perusing has been utilized by indiv iduals to â€Å"create and keep up the social order† (Paul: para 8). Thus, individuals depended on mind perusing to keep the amicability between them. In any case, mind perusing isn't truly simply perusing the different person’s considerations. It likewise takes deciphering his motions, activities and language. It is hard to â€Å"mind-read† in the event that one can't see the other individual move and talk. Perusing an individual becomes

About the right of adopting or to marriage - Free Essay Example

Article 5 provides that all the citizens have equal right on personal freedom and safety. The article with the word freedom means liberty and also not an illegitimacy detention. But the word personal freedom can also interpreted with the means of freedom to personal life and expression. So one State by prohibiting gays right to marriage or adoption is violating his personal freedom.Article 8 provides that all the citizens have the right of respect of their personal and family life. So the personal life of homosexuals is becoming inviolable by this article.In the meaning of personal and family life is included the right to marriage and to adopt. The State by interfering and depriving from a homosexual couple to adopt or to get marriage is violating their right to have their own personal life and family.Article 9 10 provide that all citizens have the right of freedom of thought, conscience and expression. More specific says that every person has freedom to express his thoughts, opinions, and beliefs. So if everyone is free to express his thoughts then must be no discrimination from states part in regard of homosexuals beliefs. So if they believe that a marriage or an adoption is legitimate then the state cant restrain them to move on and express their beliefs and wil l.Legal arguments which can be invoked by heterosexuals against gays Article 5 purpose cant be interpreted with the aforementioned way. The purpose of the article is mentioned to an unlawful detention. Any other approximation of this Article is illegitimate and declines from the purpose of the present article.Article 8 provides that all the citizens have equal right of respect of their personal and family life. The right of adopting or to marriage is irrelevant in the meaning of this article. It is acceptable that they can do whatever they want to in their personal moments. But meaning of the word family is a natural family of one mother and one father. Otherwise a homosexual couple cant be regarded as a real family.Article 9 10 provide that all citizens have the right of freedom of thought,conscience and expression. The article is mentioning to religious toleration. If anyone is free to believe whatever he want and to express it then the rules and the whole judicial system would be useless. Heterosexual are free to express their beliefs. But There is no right in the meaning of this article to move on for adoption or marriage.Article 12 provides that Men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right. It strictly says about men and women. According to this article heterosexualcouples havent any right neither to marriage nor to family. Also provides that the exercise of this right must be in accordance with national laws. It is becoming clear from this phrase that the States are not obliged to follow any European model in relation with the laws which every state legislates to regulate the marriage and family matters.Article 17 18 provide that nobody is able to abuse his rights. All the aforementioned allegations of the homosexuals are a misrepresentation of articles meaning. So if homosexuals misrepresent the E.C.H.R. articles in order to strengthen their thesis must be regarded as an abuse of their rights. The articles must be interpreted in order to implement the purpose of which they were written.

Citizen Kane Fice Of The Inquirer And Somewhere On The...

Setting Just like many other films, Citizen Kane is filmed in many different places. The two most common places are the office of the Inquirer and somewhere on the property of Xanadu. These two places do a great job of adding to the film and creating a fitting atmosphere. The office at the Inquirer is often decorated lightly, with several messy desks and typewriters, it looks just like a newspaper office should. In other situations the office looks very different. When Kane is hosting his celebration after hiring the Chronicle news men, elaborate ice statues have been erected, a gigantic table weighed down with food is present, and a band along with dancing women have been hired. These pieces of the setting assist in sending across†¦show more content†¦Kane is typing up the rest of Mr. Leland’s bad review of Susan Alexander Kane’s opera. In Citizen Kane there was some groundbreaking use of lighting as well. Because Orson Welles wanted to have ceilings i n many of his shots, he and the crew needed a way to get light into the shots from above. However, with ceilings that is not very easy to do, so Welles put bedsheets over holes in the ceiling and shown lights down through the bedsheets. Without this innovative technique, Citizen Kane would not have been able to use many of the shots throughout the movie. Citizen Kane was used lighting in several brilliant ways which sub-consciously affect the viewer to manipulate his or her emotions towards a certain character or certain scene. Without such effective use of lighting Citizen Kane would almost certainly been a much less interesting film Sound Sound effects are essential to a high quality film. Citizen Kane is a film that was produced and edited very well, the sound effects throughout the film play an important role in making it so. Citizen Kane has many well timed sound effects that emphasize actions taking place on the screen. A good example of this is when Mr. Kane is standing on the curb outside the drugstore and gets splashed with mud. Even though the viewer cannot see Mr. Kane, the sound effect tells the story. Another example of this is when Mr. Kane slaps Susan Alexander Kane.

The Level Of Employee Engagement - 978 Words

The principal purpose of this study is to identify the level of employee engagement in NIMC Imo State. What encourages them to have passion for the job they do and what makes them go extra mile to do their job to the very best of their capability. Specific objectives were then formulated which were to: identify what is employee engagement at NIMC, measure the levels of employee engagement, and what engages the employees and employers. As part of the research strategy, the researcher had to decide which methodology or combinations of methodology were going to be most practical and yield the best results. 3.2 METHODS There are different types of research methodology such as Qualitative and Quantitative, Mixed Methods, and E-research. However†¦show more content†¦(Fiedler, et al., 2002). However, it must be consistently applied across all of the participants in the study to meet the assumptions of most statistical analyses. (Kelle, 2008). Again, Quantitative analysis can also easily detect curvilinear relations where increasing the level of one variable does not always have the same effect. (Singh and Cole 1993). The overall goal of qualitative research is to produce generalizable explanations of real-world phenomena (Mason 1996). Qualitative methods however are interpretive and reflexive and they generate subjective data based on the perspectives of the people being interviewed. Qualitative methods analyses â€Å"complex data in natural conversation settings focus on the experiences of the participants through narrative accounts and describe social processes and contexts through these narratives†. (Cresswell, 1998). Furthermore, Qualitative is a research strategy that â€Å"usually emphasizes words rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data which involves inductivist, constructionist and interpretivist†. (Bryman and Bell, 2015). 3.3 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUE- EMPLOYEE SURVEY Quantitative techniques are instruments that the researcher uses to decide what needs to be known and designs a very precise data gathering instrument to gather data in order to create knowledge which is said to objective and situated within the framework of positivism such as Surveys and Questionnaires. (Quinlan, 2011).

Case Study Of Robert Holden Suffering From Cardiac Health Adversities

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Robert Holden Suffering From Cardiac Health Adversities. Answer: Patho-physiology: This case study represents the case of a patient named Robert (Bobby) Holden who is a 62 year old man suffering from various cardiac health adversities which ultimately resulted into the incidence of an acute pulmonary oedema. There can be various different course of pathophysiology that can lead to the cardiac complications that has been indicated in the case study. First and foremost, it has to be mentioned that acute pulmonary oedema is associated with fluid accumulation in the lung parenchyma and alveoli that leads to chronic and frequent episodes of shortness of breath and impaired gas exchange; enhancing the chances of mortality of the patient (Vital, Ladeira Atallah, 2013). Now, the preliminary diagnosis of the buddy nurse attending the patient under consideration indicated at acute pulmonary oedema and the most plausible reason behind the diagnosis can be congestive heart failure. The underlying pathophysiology behind the manifestation of acute pulmonary oedema is centered o n the excessive fluid backup. According to the Norhammar, Johansson, Thrainsdottir and Rydn (2017), one of the prime contributors of congestive heart failure is the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood satisfy the need for fresh oxygenated blood to reach the entire body, which leads to oxygen deficiency. In such conditions the heart is not able to remove the pulmonary circulation out at a sufficient rate which causes blood back up (Huh et al., 2012). This phenomenon enhances the wedge pressure effectively, and facilitated by the cumulative impact of left ventricular failure, fluid overload in the kidney and arrhythmia, it leads directly to pulmonary oedema. On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that the ability of the lymphatic system to remove the fluid from the interstitial space depends critically on the systemic venous pressure. In case of the congestive heart failure, the decreased cardiac output and deficiency of oxygenated blood contributes to the pulmonary congestion and acutely increased after-load, indirectly facilitating pulmonary oedema (Al Deeb, Barbic, Featherstone, Dankoff Barbic, 2014). In this case scenario, the patient had been a active smoker for 44 years and also had a habit of drinking two bottles of VB every night. Hence these two factors can have a significant impact on the respiratory apparatus and the cardiac muscles, enhancing the vulnerability of the patent going through the resent clinical manifestations. Along with that the patient had been slightly obese and had been diagnosed with diabetes as well, both of which enhance the risk of congestive heart failure due to excessive blood sugar and cholesterol deposition leading to blockages (Caudrillier et al., 2012). The patient had the symptoms of cool to touch extremities and distended jugular veins; both of which is a clear indication of a oxygen deficiency leading to congestive heart failure and pulmonary embolism. It has to be mentioned that in congestive heart failure the lack of proper oxygenated blood flow to the vital organs result into blood being pulled off from the accessory organs like the extrem ities causing it to appear cool to touch; and it enhances the central nervous pressure. Hence the most plausible reason behind the acute pulmonary oedema is the congestive heart failure and its deterioration (Davison, Terek Chawla, 2012). The first symptom that the patient under case study which can relate excellently to the congestive heart failure, is the shortness of breath. It has to be mentioned that systolic heart failure, the left ventricle is unable to pump enough oxygenated blood to satisfy the need of the entire body. Due to the inefficiency of the heart to pump and remove the blood from the pulmonary veins, the blood backs up into the pulmonary veins causing a congestion that increases the blood pressure in the veins. As a direct result of this phenomenon the fluid is pushed into the surrounding alveoli, which in turn reduces the normal oxygen movement through the lungs as well. The cumulative result of both of the phenomenon together cause shortness of breath, and this is the most likely pathophysiology behind the shortness of breath experienced in case of the patient as well (Mammoto et al., 2013). The second symptom exhibited by the patient had been the accelerated heart rate at 126 beats per minute. It has to be mentioned that this symptom exhibited by the patient as well is a very common clinical manifestation of the heart failure and is most frequently observed as well. Exploring the underlying pathophysiology, it can be mentioned that congestive heart failure is associated with inability of the left ventricle of the heart which performs the greatest blood circulating burden throughout the body. As a result there is a significant deficiency of oxygen rich blood throughout the body (Miniati, Cenci, Monti Poli, 2012). There is significant threat to the various metabolic and physiological processes that keep the human body functional. Hence, there is enhanced burden on the heart and in order to satisfy the demand of the body, it overcompensates the amount of blood pumped. This overcompensation to meet the demands of the rest of the body leads directly to higher heart rate and tachypnoea. In this case as well the patient had a more or less sedentary lifestyle and with the added burden of diabetes, smoking, and alcohol addiction, enhanced the arterial blockages of the patient and damaged the cardiac muscles which led to congestive heart failure (Gavrilovskaya, Gorbunova, Koster Mackow, 2012). Investigations: Investigative assessments are a key decisive factor associated with adequate care and management of cardiac emergencies. In this case, that needs to be performed for the patient under focus in the case study is the arterial blood gas assessment. It has to be understood in thos context that the interruption of the blood flow after a cardiac arrest can lead to intense hypercarbic and metabolic acidosis which results into accumulation of CO2, lactate and the hydrogen anions. According to the research, there are a few dominant blood gas abnormalities in the patients going through a cardiac arrest episode, such as the hypoxemia, heypercarbic acidosis and lactic acidosis. The arterial blood gases provide critical information regarding the pCO2 and pO2 levels as well (von Auenmueller, Christ, Sasko Trappe, 2017). The pCO2 levels assessment within the first 5 minutes oif the arrival of the patient to the emergency department has been considered an independent predictor of the chances of sus tained ROSC in the patient and the status if the ischemic insult as well. On amore elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that pH level assessment marks the duration and severity grade of the no-flow-interval and high lactate levels indicate poor outcome and increased chances of mortality. Hence, it can be safely concluded that the te arterial blood gases parameters correlate exceptionally well with the mortality of the patients. Hence, arterial blood gas assessment is the first line of assessment needed to be done for the patient (Kim et al., 2016). The next assessment that has been ordered is the 12 lead ECG, which is another highly crucial assessment for the patients going through a severe cardiac arrest. It has to be understood in this context that electrocardiogram has been a breakthrough in health care which has improved the mortality status for cardiac patients effectively, and according to the American heart association, 12 lead ECG assessment is central for the clinical decision making framework for the cardiac arrest patients. This particular assessment is recommended right after the Return of spontaneous circulation tests. This test identifies whether the patient is having a STEM or non STEM myocardial infarction. According to the research, each of the different steps of the 12 lead ECG allows the health care professionals to identify whether and to what extent the patient will be benefitted from coronary reperfusion interventions. Hence, it has been undoubtedly the second most necessary investigative assessment used i n the study (James et al., 2015). Pharmacology: Acute pulmonary oedema is a very common yet very risky complication that arises from the congestive heart failures and has the possibility of causing further complications leading to fatal consequences (Mebazaa et al., 2015). Hence, it is very important for the nursing professionals caring for the patient must take into consideration immediate and prompt emergency care initiatives to stabilize the patient and prevent any further exacerbations. It has to be mentioned in this context that the most important care priority in this case is to improve the oxygenation and reduce the pulmonary congestion leading to the shortness of breath and troubled breathing as well. Although, in this case the external breathing support is the most frequently opted measure to manage the patient however, it is not sufficient by any means (Kushimoto et al., 2012). Decreasing fluid overload and blood back up is a primary concern for the patient which will have lasting effects on reducing the wheezing and sho rtness of breath. Pharmacological interventions that can be employed in this case include administration of medications, like diuretic lasix which will significantly reduce the fluid overload by facilitating dieresis in his body. It will gradually reduce the level of pulmonary congestion and will help the patient breathe better and will reduce the symptoms of pulmonary oedema (De Boer et al., 2016). It has to be understood that for the patients with congestive heart failure extending towards pulmonary oedema reducing the fluid volume is crucial. This loop diuretic helps in triggering the kidneys to remove water more efficiently from the rest of body, reducing mortality of the patient and facilitating normal physiological functions of the body. (Bahloul et al., 2013). Along with that, Lasix will help in reducing the fluid back up from the lungs and hence will reduce the shortness of breath that he had been feeling. The diuretic effect of the drug helps in reducing swelling from the r est of the body as well (Hodson et al., 2017). References: Al Deeb, M., Barbic, S., Featherstone, R., Dankoff, J., Barbic, D. (2014). Point?of?care ultrasonography for the diagnosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients presenting with acute dyspnea: a systematic review and meta?analysis.Academic Emergency Medicine,21(8), 843-852. Doi: org/10.1111/acem.12435 Bahloul, M., Chaari, A., Dammak, H., Samet, M., Chtara, K., Chelly, H., ... Bouaziz, M. (2013). Pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.International journal of cardiology,162(2), 86-91. Doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.013 Caudrillier, A., Kessenbrock, K., Gilliss, B. M., Nguyen, J. X., Marques, M. B., Monestier, M., ... Looney, M. R. (2012). Platelets induce neutrophil extracellular traps in transfusion-related acute lung injury.The Journal of clinical investigation,122(7), 2661-2671. Doi: 10.1172/JCI61303 Davison, D. L., Terek, M., Chawla, L. S. (2012). Neurogenic pulmonary edema.Critical care,16(2), 212. doi.org/10.1186/cc11226 De Boer, R. A., ter Maaten, J., Damman, K., Muntendam, P., Sica, D. A., van Veldhuisen, D., Pitt, B. (2016). PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO ORAL AND SUBCUTANEOUS FUROSEMIDE ADMINISTRATION: FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH A NOVEL BUFFERED FUROSEMIDE FORMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,67(13 Supplement), 1474. DOI:10.1016/S0735-1097(16)31475-9 Gavrilovskaya, I., Gorbunova, E., Koster, F., Mackow, E. (2012). Elevated VEGF levels in pulmonary edema fluid and PBMCs from patients with acute hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.Advances in virology,2012. Doi: 10.1155/2012/674360 Hall, M. J., Levant, S., DeFrances, C. J. (2012). Hospitalization for congestive heart failure: United States, 20002010.age,65(23), 29. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carol_DeFrances/publication/232718240_Hospitalization_for_Congestive_Heart_Failure_United_States_2000-2010/links/0f317535869223eaea000000.pdf Hodson, D., Jackson, K., Chunara, Z., Rao, V., Mahoney, D., Thomas, D., ... Ahmad, T. (2017). Urine Sodium Content is Highly Variable in Hospitalized Acute Heart Failure Patients: Lasix Urine is Not Necessarily Half-Normal Saline.Journal of Cardiac Failure,23(8), S7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.07.013 Huh, D., Leslie, D. C., Matthews, B. D., Fraser, J. P., Jurek, S., Hamilton, G. A., ... Ingber, D. E. (2012). A human disease model of drug toxicityinduced pulmonary edema in a lung-on-a-chip microdevice.Science translational medicine,4(159), 159ra147-159ra147. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004249 James, S., Murphy, T., Waterhouse, D. F., Gallagher, J., OConnell, E., Barton, D., McDonald, K. (2015). 22 Role of 12-lead electrocardiography in predicting heart failure in the community. Retrieved from https://heart.bmj.com/content/101/Suppl_5/A12.1 Karinda, M., Eff, A. R. Y., Ramatillah, D. L. DRUG RELATED PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT FOR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE PATIENT IN MINTOHARDJO HOSPITAL.International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching Practices (IJPTP), 1491. Retrived from file:///C:/Users/absas/Downloads/SUPPLEMENT%20angkatan%2031.pdf Kim, Y. J., Lee, Y. J., Ryoo, S. M., Sohn, C. H., Ahn, S., Seo, D. W., ... Kim, W. Y. (2016). Role of blood gas analysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Medicine,95(25). doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003960 Kushimoto, S., Taira, Y., Kitazawa, Y., Okuchi, K., Sakamoto, T., Ishikura, H., ... Yoshikawa, K. (2012). The clinical usefulness of extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index to diagnose and characterize pulmonary edema: a prospective multicenter study on the quantitative differential diagnostic definition for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome.Critical Care,16(6), R232. Doi: 10.1186/cc11898 Mammoto, A., Mammoto, T., Kanapathipillai, M., Yung, C. W., Jiang, E., Jiang, A., ... Ingber, D. E. (2013). Control of lung vascular permeability and endotoxin-induced pulmonary oedema by changes in extracellular matrix mechanics.Nature communications,4, 1759. doi:10.1038/ncomms2774 Mebazaa, A., Yilmaz, M. B., Levy, P., Ponikowski, P., Peacock, W. F., Laribi, S., ... McDonagh, T. (2015). Recommendations on pre?hospital early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine.European journal of heart failure,17(6), 544-558. Doi: 10.1002/ejhf.289 Miniati, M., Cenci, C., Monti, S., Poli, D. (2012). Clinical presentation of acute pulmonary embolism: survey of 800 cases.PloS one,7(2), e30891. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030891 Norhammar, A., Johansson, I., Thrainsdottir, I. S., Rydn, L. (2017). Congestive heart failure.Textbook of Diabetes, 659-672. Doi:10.1002/9781118924853.ch45 Swedberg, K., Komajda, M., Bhm, M., Borer, J., Robertson, M., Tavazzi, L., ... Shift Investigators. (2012). Effects on outcomes of heart rate reduction by ivabradine in patients with congestive heart failure: is there an influence of beta-blocker dose?: findings from the SHIFT (Systolic Heart failure treatment with the If inhibitor ivabradine Trial) study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,59(22), 1938-1945. Doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.020 Vital, F. M., Ladeira, M. T., Atallah, . N. (2013). Non?invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.The Cochrane Library. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005351.pub3 von Auenmueller, K. I., Christ, M., Sasko, B. M., Trappe, H. J. (2017). The value of arterial blood gas parameters for prediction of mortality in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shock,10(3), 134. von Auenmueller, K. I., Christ, M., Sasko, B. M., Trappe, H. J. (2017). The value of arterial blood gas parameters for prediction of mortality in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shock,10(3), 134. doi:10.4103/JETS.JETS_146_16

Stephen Sondheim Biography

Table of Contents Introduction Early Life Career Honors and Awards Personal Life Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Born in 1930, Stephen Sondheim is a renowned composer and lyricist with an American origin. Throughout his career, Stephen has scooped numerous awards that have made him very popular in the music industry. The numerous lyrics and scores that inundate the music industry are just but the result of his great work. No wonder Scholars say that if not the greatest, then Sondheim is one of the best artists ever known in the theatre of music. The awards he has scooped range from the Academy Award to the Pulitzer Price.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stephen Sondheim Biography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early Life Sondheim’s Jewish parents, Herbert Sondheim and Etta Janet bore him in the city of New York back in the year 1930. His parents brought him up in Manhattan and divorced l ater in Pennsylvania. The career of Sondheim’s mother was the design of clothes while his father used to manufacture the same. Since he was the only son in a well-off family, Sondheim suffered so much emotional neglect in his upbringing (King 118). While in New York, he attended Fieldston School among other schools as George school. While in Fieldston School, Sondheim wrote his first music and later graduated in the year 1940. When Sondheim’s father abandoned him, his mother ill-treated him psychologically; something that Sondheim hated so much that he refused to attend her funeral when she died. Career When he was only ten years old, Sondheim met a man who had a great impact in his career. The man was none other than the famous lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II who later became his surrogate father. It is during a ceremony marking one of Hammerstein’s music production centres that Sondheim met Harold Prince who in later years played a major part in directing Sondhe im’ shows (Secrest 120). During the period when he was in George school, Sondheim made a breakthrough in music through a comic that reflected on the happenings in his school. Though greatly appreciated by Sondheim’s peers, Hammerstein did not like the piece and took it as an opportunity to teach him what according to Sondheim, would keep other lyricists learning in their entire lives. Since that time, Sondheim has been active in the music theatre and this has made him collaborate with successful lyricists like Hal Prince, James Lapine and others. Besides songs, Sondheim has written many books, and anthologies. He has also played a major role in the production of many films and articles that have appeared in television world all over. Honors and Awards On his birthday as he turned eighty, Sondheim’s works received a major positive boost; numerous concerts that mainly included Sondheim’s songs and music marked the day (Suskin 697). Some of the original perf ormers were occasioned the birthday party, ready to perform the music and songs that Sondheim wrote.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of his work also got a boost in the film industry. Through his lyrics, songs and films, Sondheim has won many coveted awards including the Academy Award and Pulitzer Prize. He has also won several Grammy Awards, Tony Awards, Drama Desk Awards and OBIE award. Sondheim has also received honors like Kennedy Center Honors, the Hutchinson Prize, the Special Award and the Algur H Meadows Award. Personal Life At about the age of 40, Sondheim’s life had circulated in public circles. According to King, â€Å"Sondheim was a gay, but he did not cohabit with his partner, Peter John the dramatist, until he turned 61’ (310); however, when they came together they stayed together for many years. Sondheim’s practice as a gay did n ot bother him in any way; he was very free and could not mind discussing that issue with the media. Conclusion Stephen Sondheim is a successful dramatist and lyricist. Despite having many challenges in his life ranging from abandonment by his father, financial challenges in his career and a bumpy social life, he managed to scoop several awards, honors and collaborations with other successful lyricists. Works Cited King, Robert. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. New York: Yale University Press, 1985. Secrest, Meryle. Stephen Sondheim: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. Suskin, Steven. Opening Night on Broadway: A Critical Quotebook of the Golden Era of the Musical Theatre. New York: Schirmer Books, 1990. This research paper on Stephen Sondheim Biography was written and submitted by user Ahmed Hodges to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Induction Training Essays

Induction Training Essays Induction Training Essay Induction Training Essay Induction Training is extremely vital for Beginners. Good induction training make sure new comers are retained, and settled in quickly and happily. Induction training is more than skill training. It is about the basics that new employees take. By doing this the employees would know when the shifts are, where the notice-board is, whats the routine for holidays, sick days, where the canteen is, what is the dress code, and where the toilets are, new employees need to understand the organizations tasks, goals, values, personnel practices, health and safety rules, and the job theyre required to do with understandable methods. Proper induction training is a legal requirement. Employers have the duty to provide new employees with all relevant information and training relating to health and safety. As a manager for new employees it is their responsibility to ensure that induction training is properly planned. The trainers must make sure its planned and organized properly for their new comer. An induction training plan must be issued to each new employee, before the new employee starts, and this is copied to everyone in the organization who is involved in providing the training, so the new comer and everyone else involved can see whats happening and that everything is included. Creating and issuing a suitable induction plan for each new comer will help them do their job better and quicker and with less dependence on the employers time in the future. Employees who are not properly inducted need a lot more looking after. On The Job Training  The Advantages of Using On Job Training:  Training can be delivered at a specific time, for example immediately before a job is to be performed for real in the workplace. The trainee will have opportunities to practice immediately and they would have instant feedback. Training an employee in their own working environment, with equipment they are familiar with and people they know, can help them gain direct experience. The Disadvantages of Using On Job Training:  The training may be given little by little and not properly planned; the trainee would then get an unclear picture of the organization. Too much training can be delivered in one session leading to information overload and trainee fatigue. This would make the trainee forget things, miss understand things, or not know things. The trainer may not have sufficient knowledge of the company and this would make the training pointless as he or she would know sufficient things but also insufficient things. The trainer may also pass on bad habits for the trainee to learn. Basics of On The Job Training  Preparation:  Good preparation is essential; the best trainers  have useful examples of practice exercises. The worst thing of on the job training is trying to demonstrate how to use equipment when the trainer has forgotten the password that gives access to the computer program or the key to the equipment cupboard. So preparing the training is vital. Start with the Learner:  The trainee begins by learning how much the trainer knows already. It would save a lot of training time if the trainee knows some information on how to use computers etc. instead of the trainer training them to use them. For example, Tescos have hired two new employees and they have to train on how to work the computers at the till. If the employees know the basic functions of the computer already, then it would save training time, all the trainer has to do is make sure of this and just teach them the parts they dont know about. Picking the Best Time: When employees train, they need to select the best time for them too. Otherwise the training days would clash with something the employee had already planed, if there is a clash, and then the employee would have to tell the Human resources department that, they cannot make that time or day. Also if the employee misses the training day, then he or she would miss information about their job and might also fail the course. Off The Job Training:  Off the job training is basically when, trainees work off the job. This is issued when it is not suitable for training on the job. The sorts of things that need off the job training are things to do with machines. E.g. in Tescos, the machines at the tills would be off the training because trainees would need to know the functions and controls and how to use the machine correctly.  Disciplinary:  Disciplinary is to do with, Health and safety, Attitude and Behavior, Equipment, Uniform and pending investigations.  When an employee or employees are hired, they have to follow the disciplinary procedure. This procedure is used to ensure the health and safety of staff and customers, attitude towards customers, behavior, uniform and equipment. With health and safety, Tescos would use warning signs to show slippery surfaces etc. These sign are put up to ensure that both the Employees and customers are safe, not being able to put up a warning sign whether if the employee didnt spill anything, the risk of safety towards the customers is vast. Also if the employee who did spill something but hasnt put up a warning sign, he or she would probably get a sack or get a warning. The warnings that are issued are, verbal, formal, and if the employee still disapproves then they would get a sack. Customer Service  Customers always expect good customer services in any stop. In Tescos  customers would expect to look for help when they are looking for a particular item. Staff would give guidance to the customers and guide them to the aisle. Without customer service, a customer would have to look all around the store looking for the item, when it would have been far easier if the staff provided the customer service. Customer service do many things one of the out store services is collecting trolleys that have been abandoned or left randomly in a parking space; the staff also collects them in the trolley parks. This is helpful for the customers as it enables them to get a trolley just outside the store instead of walking to the trolley parks to get them. Another Service in store would be smart cars or wheel chairs for the disabled; this helps the disabled big time because if they couldnt push a trolley or walk they can use these instead. So, Tescos provide these to enable disabled people to also shop with ease.  Customer service is all about how the staff treats and helps the customers, the staff have to be in full uniform (if they have one), dressed neatly, correct attitude, handling goods safely and polite. If this were not met then it would be poor customer service and could put a mark on the companies name.

Approaches to Correction of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion

Approaches to Correction of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Combined Orthodontic and Surgical Approach in the Correction of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Dr. Abdulaziz AlShahrani Astrac While growth modification and camouflage orthodontic treatment offers a limited solution in treating some skeletal Class III malocclusion depending on the age of the patient , Underlying skeletal severity, alignment of the teeth and the vertical facial proportions, a combination of surgical and Orthodontic therapy is the treatment of choice in all severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. In this case report I present a combination of surgical-orthodontic therapy for an adult female patient with skeletal class III malocclusion which resulted in good skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship, with marked improvement in function and facial esthetics. Keywords: Class III malocclusion, Orthognathic Surgery, surgical orthodontics Introduction Class III malocclusion is considered to be one of the most difficult and complex orthodontic problems to treat. The prevalence of class III malocclusion has been reported to be as low as 3-5% in the Caucasian population, but is higher in the Chinese and Japanese population (4-13%) (Often associated with maxillary retrusion) [i] , [ii] , [iii] . The etiology of class III is complex and multifactorial. However, there is usually a strong genetic contribution. Genetic factor is one of the etiological factors where one third of children with severe Class III had a parent with the same problem and one-sixth had an affected sibling [iv] . Racial tendency may play a role as the blacks have shown higher incidence than white’s [v] .Environmental factors appear to play an adaptiverole in the etiology of Class III malocclusion [vi] .Class III malocclusion can be associated with other factors such as cleft palate [vii] . Individuals with class III malocclusion show combinations of skeletal and dentoalveolar components. Class III malocclusion may occur as a result of protrusive mandible, retrusive maxi lla, combination of both [viii] . While the most commonly found Class III malocclusion (30%) showed a combination of mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion, Maxillary retrusion alone was found in 19.5% of the sample and Mandibular protrusion alone was found in 19.1% of the sample [ix] .These complex nature of class III requirea careful planning, amultidisciplinary approach and patient cooperation [x] . Case Report A 17-year-old caucasian girl presented for orthodontic treatment because of referral from her dentist with primary complaint of un-esthetic facial and dental appearance. She has a hyper-divergent Class III skeletal and dental relationship. This is characterized by retrognathic maxilla, retroclined lower anterior teeth, with maximum active opening of 47mm with 5mm negative overjet and lateral excursions of 7 mm to both right and left sides. The patient has an ovoid, relatively asymmetrical face with chin slightly deviated to the left. The lip line at rest displayed a pproximately 2 mm of upper incisor. At full animation there was 7mm of upper incisal display and 2 mm of lower incisal edge. She has a slightly concave profile, and competent lips[Figure1]. Pretreatment extra oral photos Intraorally, the oral mucosa was healthy. There were no periodontal pockets present. The gingival tissues were inflamed especially around the prosthetic crowns. There was no bleeding tendency except sometimes with brushing. Free gingival margins were near to the CEJ and attached gingiva was of normal width throughout the mouth. The frenal attachments in both arches were normal. The tongue was normal in size, function and appearance. Teeth # 26, 36 and 46 have been crowned. There was a lingual arch placed one year ago to maintain lower incisors position.

How to find a good job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to find a good job - Essay Example I believe that following a few easy rules will help everyone to become successful in their search for a proper job. To begin with, let’s find out what a â€Å"good† job means. For most people the best position is the one with the highest salary. But do not be confused by this global delusion. A real â€Å"good† job should be a combination of 3 most important factors: money, pleasure and time consumption. To be more persuasive I would like to illustrate you some examples. Imagine that you have successfully found a well-paid job, but it just does not suit your preferences. If a person does not like what he or she is doing, than he or she will not be dedicated to the job, they will not fulfill it properly and, in the end, they might get fired. Now think about another situation. You were lucky to find a well-paid job that you really enjoy doing. But the problem is that it takes all your spare time and you do not have any opportunity simply to have a rest. After first few weeks of such intense work you will be tired and exhausted and will think about leaving such a job. Furthermore, a â€Å"good† job should imply career growth. We are all mature people and everyone should think about future prospects when choosing a job. All the pains and dedication at work must be rewarded somehow, and the best way to do this is promotion. So, a proper job is also the one that ensures encouragement and stimulation in a form of career growth. Now, as we have figured out what a â€Å"good† job is, it is time to hunt for it. You should be aware that we all live in a world of extreme competition. Job market is pretty severe and we do not have a choice, except for adjusting to its tough conditions. Even if you are a good and skilled professional, an employer will not come and knock at your door one day with an offer of a wonderful job position. You will have to search for it yourself, attend dozens of job

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Macroeconomics - Essay Example Checkable deposits in banks reduced in the period, but checkable deposits in thrift institutions increased. Hence, there was an increase in overall M1 level between the periods of one year from Nov 2010 to Nov 2011. In terms of M2, only M1 and saving deposits showed an increased. There was a fall in retail funds and small denomination of time deposits. But the increase in M1 and saving deposits was higher than the decrease in other components and hence M2 showed an increase over a period of one year from November 2010 to November 2011. a) There won’t be any change to M1 since both the currency in circulation and checking account are part of M1. Hence shifting money from one head to another won’t have any impact on the total size of M1 and it will remain unchanged. b) There won’t be any change to M1 since the money is simply being transferred from one head of the M1 to another. Since M1 is part of M2 and there isn’t any change to M1, therefore M1 and M2 both will remain unchanged. c) There won’t be any change to M2. Since the money has been transferred to M1 base, but since M1 is part of M2, there won’t be any change to M2. However, M1 will rise by the amount of purchases since the money has been converted from saving account to money and notes in circulation. d) When Fed buys Treasury bills from the banks its liabilities and assets accounts both are being reduced. Since Treasury Bills represents the money that the Fed owes to commercial banks, therefore the reduction in Treasury Bills or purchase of Treasury Bills by the Fed is going to reduce the bank’s liability. At the same time, the Fed will have to pay cash to commercials banks as a settlement for purchase of Treasury Bills and therefore there will be a reduction in Fed’s assets as well. Therefore both the assets and liabilities sides of the balance sheet will get affected

The Haitian Revolution Essay -- Toussaint LOuverture

The cause and effects of the Haitian Revolution have played, and continue to play, a major role in the history of the Caribbean. During the time of this rebellion, slavery was a large institution throughout the Caribbean. The success of the sugar and other plantations was based on the large slave labor forces. Without these forces, Saint Domingue, the island with the largest sugar production, and the rest of the Caribbean, would face the threat of losing a profitable industry. The Haitian Revolution did not just start and end in one day. Instead, the entire revolution took place over a very event filled thirteen years. The start of the revolution was influenced by many other incidents. Including slave revolts throughout Saint Domingue beginning in the 1790s, and other world affairs such as the French Revolution in 1789, the passing of United Sates Bill of Rights in 1791, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1794. Of the three, The Rights of Man probably was probably the one affair that truly angered the people of Saint Domingue the most. In France, this law was supposed to provide people with the rights of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Therefore, the people of Saint Domingue felt that because they were a French colony that they should be entitled to the same rights as the citizens of France. Unfortunately, the French government did not feel the same, and this angered the inhabitants of Saint Domingue. But the slaves of Saint Domingue "did not need to hear the revolutionary slogans of ?liberty, equality, and fraternity? or ?the rights of man ? to plot their freedom. Slave revolts were endemic in every slave society, and the quest for freedom was never far from the minds of many great slaves" (Knight 201). .. ... were other people who were also essential in the successful outcome of this rebellion. This Revolution sparked a new hope in the eyes of slaves across the world. It marked only the beginning of the end to a treacherous institution. For the state newly renamed Haiti, the birth of the first republic in the world led by persons of African descent had emerged. Bibliography Knight, Franklin. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Steward, T.G. The Haitian Revolution 1791 to 1804. New York: Russell & Russell, 1914. Bellegrade-Smith, Patrick. Haiti: The Breached Citadel. San Francisco: Westview Press, 1990 Ott, Thomas. The Haitian Revolution 1789-1804, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1973. Parkinson, Wenda. ?This Gilded African?: Toussaint L?Ouverture. New York: Quartet Books, 1978.

How to Clean the Harman Pf100 Furnace

How to Clean the Harman PF100 Furnace Here are step-by-step instructions for cleaning your Harman PF100 Pellet Furnace. These instructions are to be used in conjunction with the owner’s manual that came with your furnace. If you have any questions about the procedure please don’t hesitate to call your local authorized dealer. In order to maintain top efficiency it is important to clean and vacuum the inside of the furnace 3 or 4 times per burn season. The furnace is designed to be very easy to clean and it should take about an hour to complete. A thorough cleaning is required at the end of each heating season.Keep in mind that cleaning both your insert and venting system is essential. It boosts heat output and keeps the furnace running at maximum efficiency. Many Harman dealers offer annual cleaning services for their customers. Please read through this entire guide before beginning. TOOLS YOU WILL NEED: Dust Mask & Safety Goggles Shop vacuum w/fine dust (HEPA) filter S tandard socket set or nut driver set Tooth brush 3† to 4† paintbrush Small putty knife Hearth glass cleaner Paper towels Rubber gloves (soot really gets into pores) Drop cloth Flashlight or drop light 4 in. lexible brush (for venting pipe) Burn pot scraper (included w/furnace) TIPS BEFORE YOU START: Be sure the furnace is completely out and cool (and unplugged from electrical power! ). The furnace must be completely out before cleaning. Every part must be cool to the touch, including the pellets that are left in the burn pot. Live pellets are a fire hazard – especially if they get sucked into a vacuum cleaner. Every year there are stories of house vacuums catching fire by inadvertently sucking up hot ashes. Worse still this can be the source of a house fire!Hot ashes should be stored in a metal container with a tight fitting lid. When the ashes are completely out they can be used as a soil conditioner for your lawn or garden. Wear a dust mask! This is important! D on’t be foolhardy when it comes to protecting your lungs. Wear a mask and protective goggles. Professional chimney sweeps wear both while performing cleaning tasks. STEP #1: PREPARE THE WORK AREA Start by placing a drop cloth on the floor in front of your furnace. Alternatively you can use newspaper. Keep your tools on the drop cloth so you can wrap them in it and take them outside for cleaning when you are done.STEP #2: CLEAN THE EXTERIOR OF THE BURN POT Open the side access door (Fig. 1) and begin by removing loose soot deposits from within the burn pot. Remove the flame guide and vacuum the ash from the burn pot and above the burn pot (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Clean the burn pot using the scraper provided (Fig. 3). Use the flat end of the scraper to remove the carbon from the burn pot. Alternatively use a hammer and a straight tip screw driver to tap the deposits loose. STEP #3: CLEAN THE INTERIOR OF THE BURN POT You’ll now need to clean ash from inside the bur n pot.Remove the clean out plate under the burn pot by loosening the two wing nuts holding the plate in place (Fig. 4). You many need to use pliers to loosen the wing nuts initially. Vacuum all ash from the burn pot’s interior (Fig. 5). Fig. 6 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Use your finger to brush out any ash that can’t be reached with the nozzle of the vacuum (Fig. 6). After cleaning, be sure the plate is fully closed before hand tightening the wing nuts. (Note: Do not tighten the wing nuts with pliers. ) STEP #4: REMOVE THE UPPER BAFFLE PLATE Remove the upper baffle plate from the firebox on the wall opposite the burn-pot.To accomplish this, lift the cover plate up about 1/2† and it can be removed for cleaning (Fig. 7). Use the pointed end of the scraper and a brush to clean the heat exchanger behind the cover, let the ashes fall into the ash pan. Clean the remainder of the inside of the burn chamber using the scraper, putty knife, brush and vacuum. Fig. 7 Second Baffle Plate: After all the scraping and brushing of ashes is complete you can remove and empty the ash pan. There is a second baffle plate located below the upper baffle plate that becomes accessible when the ash pan is removed.Tip the top of the cover forward and lift up and out of the furnace. Do a final clean-up of the baffle and vacuuming of the inside of the firebox area and the ash pan (ashes noted by lower right arrow on Fig. 7). Replace the baffle plates being sure they are securely latched into position. Also, be sure the flame guide is replaced on the burn pot. Replace the ash pan, close and latch the firebox door and outside cover door. STEP #5: REMOVE THE COMBUSTION MOTOR First, remove the combustion blower cover. The combustion blower housing is held in place with two flip latches (Fig. ). Next, remove the combustion motor by first loosening the three thumb screws (Fig. 9). You can then twist the motor assembly counter-clockwise to remove it. NOTE: The motor wires do not need to be disconnected. Fig. 8 Fig. 9 STEP #6: CLEAN THE COMBUSTION MOTOR & SURROUNDING AREA When the combustion blower is removed, the inside of the combustion blower area (Fig. 10) needs to be brushed and vacuumed. Next, the fins of the combustion blower (Fig. 11) will need detailed cleaning as they will accumulate sooty dust.Although the combustion fan is shown removed in this view for clarity (Fig. 12), you do not need to disconnect the wiring of the motor for this step. The fins of the blower need to be carefully cleaned with a toothbrush. Be extra careful not to bend the fins on the combustion blower as this may cause an imbalance or interference with the inside of the blower housing when it is reassembled. Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 STEP #7: CLEAN THE AUGER DRIVE BOX The next step is to clean the inside of the pellet feed mechanism and a general cleanup â€Å"under the hood† of the furnace.Start by removing the large sheet-metal cover under the pellet hopper (Fig. 13). There are f our screws holding this cover in place; two are located as seen in the image in fig. 13. The other two screws are on the other side of the furnace. You need only to loosen the screws a few turns and slide the cover off. Fig. 13 Under the cover you will find the feeder assembly; you will need to remove the wing nut in the center of the housing cover (Fig. 14) and remove the cover. After removing the cover, clean out the inside of the housing (Fig. 15) with a small brush and a vacuum.Replace the auger assembly cover and wing nut and then the outer sheet metal cover. Tighten the sheet metal cover screws snuggly and you are done cleaning the â€Å"engine housing†. Fig. 14 Fig. 15 STEP #8: CLEAN OR REPLACE THE AIR FILTER You will need to clean or replace the air filter on the filter box (Fig. 16). Follow the air filter manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning or replacement. Filters are widely available at hardware stores and home centers. Fig. 16 STEP #9: SWEEP THE ENTIRE FLUE SYSTEM It is very important that the entire flue system is inspected and cleaned once per year.In order to clean the flue system you will need to sweep it from its exit point using rods and an appropriately sized brush. You may need to take apart sections of pipe in order to do this. Note: Professional installers often design the venting system so that certain joints can be taken apart. These joints will often have either aluminum tape or silicone caulking on the outside. Use a knife to scrape off the silicone caulking on the joints you plan to take apart. If your pellet stove is installed into an existing chimney you will need to clean the chimney as well as the pellet pipe.To do this you will need the appropriate sized chimney brush and rods. (i. e. a six inch diameter chimney will need a 6† diameter brush) Once the flue system has been cleaned, reconnect and recaulk the pellet vent. High temperature RTV silicone caulking will work for this. Note: it is very important t hat each joint of the pipe within the home be airtight. Even small pinhole leaks can leak smoke! If you have any questions regarding any aspect of these cleaning instructions, please refer back to your Owner’s Manual or contact your authorized Harman dealer.

Fanny Jackson Coppin Pioneering Educator and Missionary

Overview When Fannie Jackson Coppin became an educator at the Institute for Colored Youth in Pennsylvania, she knew that she’d undertaken a serious task. As an educator and administrator who was not only committed to education, but also helping her students find employment, she once said, We do not ask that any one of our people shall be put into a position because he is a colored person, but we do most emphatically ask that he shall not be kept out of a position because he is a colored person.    Accomplishments First African-American woman to serve as a school principal.First African-American school superintendentSecond African-American woman to receive a bachelor’s degree in the United States. Early Life and Education Fanny Jackson Coppin was born a slave on January 8, 1837 in Washington DC. Very little is known about Coppin’s early life except that her aunt purchased her freedom at the age of 12. The rest of her childhood was spent working for the writer George Henry Calvert. In 1860, Coppin travelled to Ohio to attend Oberlin College. For the next five years, Coppin attended classes during the day and taught evening classes for freed African-Americans. By 1865, Coppin was a college graduate and seeking work as an educator. Life as an Educator Coppin was hired as a teacher at the Institute for Colored Youth (now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania) in 1865. Serving as the principal of the Ladies’ Department, Coppin taught Greek, Latin and math.    Four years later, Coppin was appointed as the school’s principal. This appointment made Coppin the first African-American woman to become a school principal. For the next 37 years, Coppin helped to improve the educational standards for African-Americans in Philadelphia by expanding the school’s curriculum with an Industrial Department as well as a Women’s Industrial Exchange.   In addition, Coppin was committed to community outreach. She established a Home for Girls and Young Women to provide housing for people not from Philadelphia. Coppin also connected students with industries that would employ them following graduation. In a letter to Frederick Douglass in 1876, Coppin expressed her desire and commitment to educating African-American men and women by saying, â€Å"I feel sometimes like a person to whom in childhood was entrusted some sacred flame†¦This is the desire to see my race lifted out of the mire of ignorance, weakness and degradation; no longer to sit in obscure corners and devour the scraps of knowledge which his superiors flung at him. I want to see him crowned with strength and dignity; adorned with the enduring grace of intellectual attainments.† As a result, she received an additional appointment as the superintendent, becoming the first African-American to hold such a position. Missionary Work After marrying African Methodist Episcopal minister, Reverend Levi Jenkins Coppin in 1881, Coppin became interested in missionary work. By 1902, the couple travelled to South Africa to serve as missionaries. While there, the couple established the Bethel Institute, a missionary school featuring self-help programs for South Africans. In 1907, Coppin decided to return to Philadelphia as she battled several health complications. Coppin published an autobiography, Reminiscences of School Life. Coppin and her husband worked in a variety of programs as missionaries. As Coppin’s health declined, she decided to return to Philadelphia where she died on January 21, 1913. Legacy On January 21, 1913, Coppin died at her home in Philadelphia. Thirteen years after Coppin’s death, the Fanny Jackson Coppin Normal School opened in Baltimore as a teacher training school. Today, the school is known as Coppin State University. The Fannie Jackson Coppin club, which was established in 1899 by a group of African-American women in California, is still in operation. Its motto, â€Å"Not failure, but low aim is the crime.†